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Invisible body illusion modulates interpersonal space.

Mariano D'Angelo1,2, Giuseppe di Pellegrino1,2,3, Francesca Frassinetti4,5

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Altering body representation selectively changes interpersonal space (IPS), the comfortable distance from others. Manipulating body ownership contracted IPS, while tool use expanded peripersonal space (PPS), revealing distinct spatial representations.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Social Psychology
  • Body Representation

Background:

  • Interpersonal space (IPS) is the comfortable distance individuals maintain from others.
  • Peripersonal space (PPS) is the space around the body used for action.
  • The relationship between body representation and these spatial zones is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if manipulating body representation affects interpersonal space (IPS) size.
  • To differentiate the effects on IPS versus peripersonal space (PPS).

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Measured IPS using a comfort-distance task before and after inducing an illusory invisible body.
  • Experiment 1: Assessed PPS using a reaching-distance task to control for general perceptual changes.
  • Experiment 2: Manipulated PPS boundaries using a tool-use task.

Main Results:

  • Illusion of an invisible body selectively contracted IPS, leaving PPS unaffected.
  • Tool-use manipulation altered PPS boundaries but did not affect IPS.
  • Findings suggest distinct neural representations for IPS and PPS.

Conclusions:

  • Body image and representation are closely linked to interpersonal space.
  • Humans possess functionally separate representations for interpersonal and peripersonal space.
  • These distinct spatial representations support different behavioral contexts.