Histological Characteristics of the Tracheobronchial Tree of the Least Shrew (Cryptotis Parva)

The least shrew (Cryptotis parva) is a small vomit-competent insectivorous species which has recently been introduced as an emesis animal model in the laboratory. In this study, the respiratory system of the least shrew was examined and compared with the well-established larger species routinely used in the laboratory. Five least shrews (4-5 g body weight, 45-60 days old) were used. Standard histological procedures were followed for light microscopic examination. The lining epithelium of the trachea was found to be pseudostratified ciliated columnar (PSCC). Three types of cells were easily identified, basal and ciliated as well as few goblet cells interspersed among the ciliated cells and they were not clearly recognizable. A few tracheal seromucous glands were located at the free end of the C-shaped cartilaginous rings. The cartilaginous rings are replaced by smooth muscle cells before the bronchi enter into the lung. The lining epithelium of tracheobronchial tree gradually changes into simple cuboidal epithelium that lacks goblet cells. However, the division of the tracheobronchial tree is similar to other mammalian species. On the other hand, the principal bronchus lacks cartilaginous plaques as it becomes intrapulmonary bronchus. The wall of the bronchi is supported by thick layers of spirally arranged smooth muscles. Two types of cells were readily recognizable: basal and ciliated cells, with rarely observed goblet cells. In addition, the PSCC epithelium changes into simple cuboidal much earlier in the bronchial division relative to other species.