Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

4.6K
The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
4.6K
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

4.2K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
4.2K
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

1.8K
Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
1.8K
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

61.0K
Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
61.0K
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

65
Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
65
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.8K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genetic variation in antidiabetic drug targets: associations with Parkinson's disease risk and age at onset.

NPJ Parkinson's disease·2026
Same author

Genome-wide association study of copy number variations in Parkinson's disease.

NPJ Parkinson's disease·2026
Same author

Genetic variability within molecular core clock genes in cluster headache.

Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache·2026
Same author

Chronobiology and cluster headache: insights into a hypothalamic disorder.

Current opinion in neurology·2026
Same author

LTB4 Activates the MAP Kinase Pathway in Endothelial Cells to Cause Long-Lasting Neutrophil Tethering, MCP-1 and NO Releases.

Scandinavian journal of immunology·2026
Same author

Hallmarks of primary headache: part 3 - cluster headache.

The journal of headache and pain·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

The Use of Mouse Splenocytes to Assess Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern Influence on Clock Gene Expression
06:50

The Use of Mouse Splenocytes to Assess Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern Influence on Clock Gene Expression

Published on: July 24, 2018

8.0K

A genetic CLOCK variant associated with cluster headache causing increased mRNA levels.

Carmen Fourier1, Caroline Ran1, Margret Zinnegger1

  • 11 Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Cephalalgia : an International Journal of Headache
|May 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Cluster headache, characterized by severe attacks and rhythmicity, may be linked to the CLOCK gene. A specific CLOCK gene variant (rs12649507) was significantly associated with cluster headache in a Swedish study.

Keywords:
RhythmicitySwedencircadiandiurnalsleep

More Related Videos

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis
10:40

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

Published on: April 25, 2022

2.9K
High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment
07:26

High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment

Published on: July 18, 2017

12.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 3, 2026

The Use of Mouse Splenocytes to Assess Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern Influence on Clock Gene Expression
06:50

The Use of Mouse Splenocytes to Assess Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern Influence on Clock Gene Expression

Published on: July 24, 2018

8.0K
CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis
10:40

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

Published on: April 25, 2022

2.9K
High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment
07:26

High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment

Published on: July 18, 2017

12.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cluster headache presents as severe, unilateral attacks with notable attack rhythmicity in many patients.
  • The CLOCK gene regulates circadian rhythms and is a potential candidate for cluster headache susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CLOCK gene and cluster headache.
  • To explore the impact of associated SNPs on CLOCK gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control association study was conducted on 449 Swedish cluster headache patients and 677 controls.
  • Three CLOCK gene SNPs (rs1801260, rs11932595, rs12649507) related to diurnal preference and sleep duration were analyzed.
  • CLOCK gene expression was assessed in human primary fibroblast cultures following SNP identification.

Main Results:

  • A significant association was found between the CLOCK gene SNP rs12649507 and cluster headache (p=0.0069).
  • This association was stronger when stratified by the diurnal rhythmicity of attacks (p=0.0009).
  • rs12649507 was linked to increased CLOCK mRNA expression in fibroblast cultures (p=0.0232).

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the hypothesis that circadian rhythm mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of cluster headache.
  • The CLOCK gene, particularly the rs12649507 variant, is a potential genetic factor in cluster headache.