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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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Intrinsically Polar Elastic Metamaterials.

Osama R Bilal1,2,3, Roman Süsstrunk2, Chiara Daraio3

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.

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Summary

This study introduces a novel material design principle using 3D microstructures to achieve distinct stiffness on opposing faces. This topology-driven approach ensures consistent mechanical properties, resisting wear and tear for enhanced material functionality.

Keywords:
Weyl linesanisotrpoic elasticitymechanical metamaterialstopological insulatorszero-frequency phonons

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Combining materials with different properties is crucial for functional applications like protective gear.
  • Conventional multi-material designs face challenges with delamination and wear, compromising performance.
  • A need exists for materials with inherent, robust, multi-functional properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a design principle for materials leveraging 3D microstructure for unique properties.
  • To develop a material with differential stiffness on opposing faces.
  • To create a material topology resistant to cuts and tears.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing 3D printing to fabricate specimens with repeating microstructural building blocks.
  • Designing material topology to dictate mechanical response rather than composition.
  • Testing the mechanical response of the material under various removal scenarios.

Main Results:

  • 3D printed specimens exhibited significantly different stiffness on opposing faces along the same axis.
  • The material's design inherently protected against degradation from cuts and layer removal.
  • Opposing faces consistently maintained distinct mechanical responses irrespective of material removal method.

Conclusions:

  • A novel design principle based on 3D microstructure enables materials with intrinsic, opposing mechanical properties.
  • This topology-based approach offers superior durability and functional stability compared to traditional composite materials.
  • The developed material demonstrates a robust solution for applications requiring inherent multi-functionality and wear resistance.