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Human alveolar macrophage function: differences between smokers and nonsmokers.

M J Thomassen1, B P Barna, H P Wiedemann

  • 1Department of Pulmonary Disease, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195-5038.

Journal of Leukocyte Biology
|November 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
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Smoking suppresses the function of human alveolar macrophages, impairing their superoxide anion production and cytotoxic activity after bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. Monocytes showed no significant differences between smokers and nonsmokers.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Alveolar macrophages are crucial immune cells in the lungs.
  • Smoking is a major risk factor for respiratory diseases and can impair immune function.
  • Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent activator of immune cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of smoking on human alveolar macrophage and monocyte function.
  • To compare the oxidative metabolic and cytotoxic responses of cells from smokers and nonsmokers.
  • To assess the in vitro activation of these cells by LPS.

Main Methods:

  • Human alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes were isolated from smokers and nonsmokers.
  • Cells were incubated in vitro with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Superoxide anion production was measured to assess oxidative metabolism.
  • Cytotoxic activity was assessed using a 3H-thymidine release assay against allogeneic target cells.

    • Main Results:

    • Macrophages from smokers exhibited suppressed superoxide anion production compared to nonsmokers after LPS activation.
    • Monocytes from smokers and nonsmokers showed no significant difference in superoxide anion production.
    • Macrophages from both groups became tumoricidal after LPS exposure, but those from nonsmokers showed greater cytotoxic activity.
    • Monocytes did not differ in cytotoxic activity between smokers and nonsmokers.

    Conclusions:

    • LPS can activate both smoker and nonsmoker macrophages, but smokers' macrophages show suppressed responses.
    • Smoking appears to impair the functional capacity of alveolar macrophages, affecting both oxidative metabolism and cytotoxicity.
    • Monocytes are less affected by smoking in terms of LPS-induced oxidative and cytotoxic responses compared to macrophages.