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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins.  Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils. 
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Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory01:23

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Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

A Novel In Vitro Live-imaging Assay of Astrocyte-mediated Phagocytosis Using pH Indicator-conjugated Synaptosomes
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Astrocyte dysfunction in Alzheimer disease.

Crystal Acosta1,2, Hope D Anderson2,3, Christopher M Anderson1,4

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.

Journal of Neuroscience Research
|May 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alzheimer disease (AD) disrupts astrocyte functions, impacting brain health. This review details how reactive astrocytes in AD contribute to neuronal damage and cognitive decline.

Keywords:
Alzheimer diseaseamyloidastrocytescerebral blood flowdementiaenergy metabolismexcitotoxicitygliosisneuroinflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases

Background:

  • Astrocytes are crucial glial cells in the central nervous system, regulating neuronal function, metabolism, and blood supply.
  • Neurotransmission dynamically alters astrocytic ion concentrations (Ca2+, Na+), influencing brain activity.
  • Astrocytes support vital non-autonomous functions essential for brain health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted effects of Alzheimer disease (AD) on astrocyte function.
  • To elucidate how altered astrocytes contribute to AD pathogenesis and brain dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on astrocyte biology and Alzheimer disease.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular changes in astrocytes during AD progression.

Main Results:

  • AD is characterized by amyloid-beta induced astrocyte reactivity and aberrant function.
  • Key astrocytic processes affected in AD include morphology, ion homeostasis, glutamate transport, and metabolism.
  • These alterations lead to excitotoxicity, impaired synaptic plasticity, and energy deficits.

Conclusions:

  • Dysfunctional astrocytes in AD exacerbate neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment.
  • Targeting astrocytic pathways represents a potential therapeutic strategy for AD.