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Observational Coding Systems of Parent-Child Interactions During Painful Procedures: A Systematic Review.

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Reliable parent-child interaction analysis systems (IASs) are crucial for understanding children's pain. This review found many IASs exist, but more theory-based systems and further testing are needed for accurate assessment during painful procedures.

Keywords:
communicationcoping behaviordistressinteraction analysis systemobservational measurepainpainful procedureparent-child interaction

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Psychology
  • Observational Research Methods
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Parent interactions significantly impact a child's pain and distress during medical procedures.
  • Interaction Analysis Systems (IASs) are vital for studying these parent-child dynamics.
  • The utilization and psychometric properties of IASs in pediatric pain research are not well-documented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and evaluate studies assessing the psychometric properties of parent-child interaction analysis systems (IASs).
  • Focus on initial iterations and publications of observational coding systems for parent-child interactions during painful procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Searched major databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, etc.) up to January 2017.
  • Included studies reporting use or psychometrics of parent-child IASs.
  • Assessed IASs for theory-based origins and categorized them as well-established, approaching well-established, or promising.

Main Results:

  • 18 studies yielded 17 parent-child IASs; 14 suitable for children aged 3+.
  • Only two systems were theory-based; 11 captured verbal/nonverbal behaviors influencing child coping or distress.
  • Four IASs were well-established, seven approaching well-established, and six promising.

Conclusions:

  • There is a need for developing theory-based IASs that capture both verbal and nonverbal parent behaviors during pediatric painful procedures.
  • Further psychometric testing is recommended for IASs categorized as 'approaching well-established' or 'promising'.