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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Assays for the Identification of Novel Antivirals against Bluetongue Virus

Assays for the Identification of Novel Antivirals against Bluetongue Virus

Published on: October 11, 2013

Historical Perspectives on Flavivirus Research.

Michael R Holbrook¹

¹NIAID Integrated Research Facility, 8200 Research Plaza, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. Michael.holbrook@nih.gov.

|May 5, 2017

Summary

Flaviviruses, transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks, cause significant global human diseases like West Nile and Zika. Despite long recognition, much remains unknown about these arboviruses and their medical countermeasures.

Keywords:

Japanese encephalitis West Nile Zika dengue flavivirus tick-borne encephalitis yellow fever

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Last Updated: Mar 3, 2026

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Area of Science:

Virology
Epidemiology
Public Health

Background:

Flaviviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses transmitted by arthropod vectors, commonly known as arboviruses.
These viruses are globally distributed and responsible for a substantial burden of human illness, ranging from mild symptoms to severe hemorrhagic fevers and encephalitis.

Observation:

Emerging flaviviruses, such as West Nile virus and Zika virus, have heightened public and scientific awareness of mosquito-borne viral threats.
While some flavivirus diseases have been known for centuries, recent outbreaks underscore significant knowledge gaps in flavivirus biology.

Findings:

This review provides an overview and historical context of key flaviviruses causing significant human disease.
It also discusses current medical countermeasures and highlights critical areas where understanding of flavivirus biology is lacking.

Implications:

Understanding flavivirus transmission, pathogenesis, and host-vector interactions is crucial for developing effective interventions.
Addressing knowledge gaps is essential for mitigating the impact of current and future flavivirus epidemics and pandemics.