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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Far-field diffraction imaging utilizes coherent light to reveal object morphology.
    • Microscope objectives are crucial components in optical imaging systems.
    • Accurate analysis of diffraction patterns is key to understanding scattering phenomena.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and analyze methods for calculating diffraction images of single and double spheres.
    • To quantitatively assess the resolving power of a diffraction imaging unit.
    • To determine the minimum detectable sphere size and separation distance using specific illumination.

    Main Methods:

    • Simulating diffraction patterns from single and double spheres using a microscope objective at non-conjugate positions.
    • Performing quantitative analysis of diffraction images in the spectral domain.
    • Utilizing numerical methods to evaluate imaging performance.

    Main Results:

    • The developed methods allow accurate calculation and analysis of diffraction images.
    • The imaging unit demonstrates the capability to resolve single spheres of 2 μm diameter and larger.
    • Double spheres with centers separated by less than 300 nm were resolved using 532 nm coherent illumination.

    Conclusions:

    • Diffraction imaging is effective for determining 3D morphological features of scatterers.
    • The study provides a quantitative assessment of the resolving power for micro/nano-scale objects.
    • Numerical simulations confirm the potential of the imaging unit for high-resolution particle analysis.