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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
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Systemic therapy in bladder cancer.

Ian G Pinto1

  • 1Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Sir H. N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Indian Journal of Urology : IJU : Journal of the Urological Society of India
|May 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic chemotherapy, including cisplatin-based regimens, is crucial for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and metastatic bladder cancer (BCa). Emerging immunotherapies and molecular profiling promise future targeted treatments for bladder cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Systemic chemotherapy is a cornerstone in managing muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and metastatic bladder cancer (BCa).
  • Cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens are standard for both neoadjuvant and metastatic settings.
  • Adjuvant chemotherapy is an option for select patients who haven't received neoadjuvant treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the essential role of systemic chemotherapy in bladder cancer management.
  • To highlight the significance of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy protocols.
  • To discuss the integration of chemotherapy with radiotherapy and emerging therapies like immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current clinical practices and established treatment guidelines for bladder cancer.
  • Analysis of the efficacy of cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens.
  • Exploration of the role of immunotherapy and molecular characterization in bladder cancer treatment.

Main Results:

  • Systemic chemotherapy, particularly cisplatin-based, is vital for MIBC and metastatic BCa.
  • Chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy offers superior outcomes in bladder-preserving approaches.
  • Immunotherapy (checkpoint inhibitors) shows promise as a novel treatment modality.

Conclusions:

  • Systemic chemotherapy remains indispensable for advanced bladder cancer.
  • Future bladder cancer treatment will likely involve a combination of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and personalized molecularly targeted therapies.
  • Molecular characterization of bladder cancer is paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies.