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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

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1.6K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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Zigzag C2N nanoribbons with edge modifications as multi-functional spin devices.

X F Yang1, Y W Kuang, H L Yu

  • 1College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology and Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional materials, Changshu 215500, China. david01124@163.com yuhailin_79@cslg.cn ysliu@cslg.edu.cn.

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Introducing magnetism to two-dimensional C2N crystals via nanoribbon engineering enables spintronic applications. Tailoring edge passivation creates spin semiconductors for thermospin devices and half-metals exhibiting the spin Seebeck effect.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) C2N crystals possess a wide band gap but lack intrinsic magnetism, limiting spintronic applications.
  • Spintronics requires materials with tunable magnetic and electronic properties for advanced devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the introduction of edge magnetism in holey 2D C2N crystals.
  • To explore the potential of tailored C2N nanoribbons in spintronics and thermoelectrics.

Main Methods:

  • Computational modeling of holey 2D C2N crystals.
  • Synthesis of C2N nanoribbons with zigzag edges.
  • Analysis of electronic and magnetic properties with varying edge passivation (bare, H, O atoms).

Main Results:

  • Zigzag edge engineering induces magnetism in 2D C2N nanoribbons.
  • Bare or H-passivated edges result in a spin semiconducting property, suitable for thermospin devices and thermal rectifiers.
  • O-passivated edges lead to a half-metallic property and a notable spin Seebeck effect under temperature gradients.

Conclusions:

  • Edge magnetism can be controllably introduced in 2D C2N nanoribbons.
  • Tailored C2N nanostructures offer promising avenues for spintronic and thermoelectric applications.
  • The observed spin semiconducting and half-metallic properties open possibilities for novel device functionalities.