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Neurologic disorders and aspiration.

M F Brin1, D Younger

  • 1Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York.

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|November 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
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Neurologic disorders commonly affect swallowing, leading to aspiration. This review examines the range of neurological conditions where aspiration is a potential complication.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Swallowing (deglutition) is a complex process involving both voluntary and involuntary muscle actions.
  • Neurologic diseases frequently disrupt the intricate coordination required for safe and effective swallowing.
  • Impaired swallowing can lead to aspiration, where food or liquid enters the airway, increasing the risk of pneumonia and malnutrition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of neurologic disorders associated with swallowing impairment.
  • To identify the spectrum of neurological conditions that can lead to aspiration as a complication.
  • To inform clinicians about the potential oropharyngeal and esophageal dysfunction in various neurologic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of peer-reviewed articles and clinical guidelines.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Synthesis of information on the pathophysiology of dysphagia in different neurologic conditions.
  • Categorization of neurologic diseases based on their impact on swallowing function.

    • Main Results:

    • Aspiration is a significant complication across a wide array of neurologic disorders.
    • Conditions such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and dementia commonly present with dysphagia and aspiration risk.
    • The specific mechanisms of swallowing impairment vary depending on the underlying neurologic deficit.

    Conclusions:

    • Dysphagia and aspiration are prevalent and serious complications in many neurologic disorders.
    • Early identification and management of swallowing difficulties are crucial for patient outcomes.
    • Multidisciplinary approaches are essential for addressing the complex needs of patients with neurogenic dysphagia.