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The Relationship between Cigarette Smoking and Renal Function: A Large Cohort Study.

Yoav Hammer1, Eytan Cohen1, Amos Levi1

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Current cigarette smoking is linked to higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and proteinuria, particularly in males. Past smoking is associated with a lower eGFR, suggesting potential long-term renal impact.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cigarette smoking and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are established risk factors for cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis.
  • The precise impact of smoking on renal function remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between cigarette smoking and renal function.
  • To determine if smoking intensity affects renal function.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 24,081 participants from a screening center.
  • Classification of subjects into current smokers, non-smokers, and past smokers.
  • Renal function assessed using CKD-EPI equation for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); multivariate and gender-based analyses performed.

Main Results:

  • Current smokers exhibited a significantly higher eGFR (100.8) than non-smokers (98.7) (P < 0.001).
  • Proteinuria rates were higher in current smokers (15.3%) compared to non-smokers (9.3%) (P < 0.001).
  • The eGFR difference between smokers and non-smokers was more pronounced in males; past smokers showed the lowest eGFR.

Conclusions:

  • Cigarette smoking correlates with elevated eGFR and increased proteinuria, suggesting a potential hyperfiltration mechanism.
  • Gender-based differences in the smoking-renal function relationship were observed, with males showing a more pronounced effect.
  • Past smoking is linked to reduced eGFR, indicating potential progressive renal damage over time.