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Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

Molybdenum Carbide-Based Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Mao Miao^1,2, Jing Pan^1,2, Ting He^1,2

¹Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|May 6, 2017

Summary

Molybdenum carbides (Mo_x C) show promise as low-cost electrocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen production via water splitting. Nanostructure engineering enhances their efficiency for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).

Keywords:

electrocatalysts hydrogen evolution reaction molybdenum carbide nanostructures water splitting

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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

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Solar-Driven Electrochemical Green Fuel Production from CO2 and Water Using Ti3C2Tx MXene-Supported CuZn and NiCo Catalysts

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Published on: November 7, 2025

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Sustainable Energy

Background:

Electrocatalytic water splitting offers a sustainable route for hydrogen production.
High cost and limited availability of platinum-group catalysts hinder large-scale application.
Earth-abundant molybdenum carbides (Mo_x C) are emerging as cost-effective alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in molybdenum carbide (Mo_x C) electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
To discuss the impact of nanostructure engineering on Mo_x C catalyst performance.
To provide insights into future research directions for Mo_x C in HER.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent studies on Mo_x C electrocatalysts.
Analysis of nanostructure engineering strategies for Mo_x C.
Comparison and discussion of HER performance data for various Mo_x C-based catalysts.

Main Results:

Mo_x C electrocatalysts demonstrate significant potential for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Nanostructure engineering is crucial for optimizing the activity and stability of Mo_x C catalysts.
Mo_x C catalysts offer comparable or superior performance to noble metal catalysts in specific applications.

Conclusions:

Mo_x C materials are highly promising for low-cost, efficient electrocatalytic water splitting.
Continued research in nanostructure design and synthesis will further enhance Mo_x C performance for HER.
Mo_x C electrocatalysts represent a viable pathway towards sustainable hydrogen energy.