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Open-field mouse brain PET: design optimisation and detector characterisation.

Andre Z Kyme1,2,3, Martin S Judenhofer1, Kuang Gong1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis CA 95616, United States of America.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|May 6, 2017
PubMed
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This study developed a novel open-field positron emission tomography (PET) scanner for mice, enabling brain imaging correlated with behavior. A unique box geometry with depth-of-interaction detection achieved superior sensitivity and resolution for advanced neuroscience research.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Open-field positron emission tomography (PET) allows brain imaging correlated with animal behavior, unlike traditional methods under anesthesia.
  • Previous open-field PET for rats used retrofitted systems with limitations in geometry and performance.
  • A purpose-built system is needed for optimized open-field imaging of the mouse brain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and evaluate a novel PET scanner optimized for open-field imaging of the mouse brain.
  • To assess candidate scanner geometries and characterize a depth-of-interaction (DoI) detector module.

Main Methods:

  • Monte Carlo simulations were used to compare sensitivity and spatial resolution of four scanner geometries (ring, parallel plate, two box variants).

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  • A detector block with LSO crystals and a dual-ended readout using silicon photomultipliers was designed for DoI estimation.
  • The performance of the DoI detector module was characterized, including crystal identification, energy resolution, DoI resolution, and timing resolution.

    • Main Results:

    • A DoI resolution of 3 mm was found necessary for uniform sub-millimeter spatial resolution across the field of view.
    • The box geometry with overlapping panels showed the highest sensitivity (16% peak absolute sensitivity), a 36% improvement over the ring design.
    • The characterized DoI detector module met target specifications with an average DoI resolution of 2.8 mm and timing resolution of 1.4 ns.

    Conclusions:

    • The unconventional box geometry with overlapping panels is best suited for open-field mouse brain imaging due to superior sensitivity.
    • The developed DoI detector module meets performance requirements for the open-field PET system.
    • This work lays the foundation for a prototype open-field PET scanner for advanced behavioral neuroscience research.