Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Confirmation Biases

Confirmation Biases

The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?

Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding

Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding

Confounding is a critical issue in epidemiological studies, often leading to misleading conclusions about associations between exposures and outcomes. It occurs when the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is mixed with the effects of other factors that influence the outcome. Given that, addressing confounding is of high importance for drawing accurate inferences in research.
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...

Antidotes

Antidotes

Antidotes are medicinal substances used to counteract the harmful effects of toxins or drugs in the body. They function in various ways, each uniquely designed to combat specific toxic compounds.
Specific antidotes operate by inhibiting the enzymes that control biochemical pathways, reducing the production of harmful metabolites.
An example of an antidote is atropine, which counteracts the detrimental effects of cholinesterase inhibitors. It achieves this by deactivating muscarinic receptors,...

Impression Management Techniques IV: Altercasting

Impression Management Techniques IV: Altercasting

Altercasting is a strategic communication technique in which an individual imposes a specific identity or social role onto another person to influence their behavior and shape the interaction. By presuming a role—such as “responsible leader” or “patient person”—altercasting encourages the target to conform to that identity, often aligning their behavior with the expectations associated with the role. The power of this tactic lies in its subtlety; once a role...

Groupthink

Groupthink

When in group settings, we are often influenced by the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors around us. Groupthink is another phenomenon of conformity where modification of the opinions of members in a group aligns with what they believe is the group consensus (Janis, 1972). In such situations, the group often takes action that individuals would not perform outside the group setting because groups make more extreme decisions than individuals do. Moreover, groupthink can hinder opposing trains of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Misinformation as strategy: Epistemic consequences and the undermining of shared truth.

Trends in cognitive sciences·2026

Same author

When scientific sources fail to convince: evidence-oriented thinking enhances the effectiveness of science-based corrections.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Effectiveness of an online vaccine misinformation game for Arabic-speaking Australians: a randomized controlled trial.

Frontiers in public health·2026

Same author

The architecture of the internet creates risks for democracy.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same author

Implementing psychology-based empathetic refutational interview training to support vaccine confident conversations for health workers.

Public health·2026

Same author

Estimating the age distribution of disease-causal HPV infection in women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Denmark, Estonia, Norway, Slovenia, and Sweden: A modeling study.

Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Optimization of a Quantitative Micro-neutralization Assay

Optimization of a Quantitative Micro-neutralization Assay

Published on: December 14, 2016

Neutralizing misinformation through inoculation: Exposing misleading argumentation techniques reduces their

John Cook^1,2, Stephan Lewandowsky^2,3, Ullrich K H Ecker²

¹Center for Climate Change Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America.

|May 6, 2017

Summary

Misinformation about climate change erodes public trust. Inoculation messages explaining flawed arguments or highlighting scientific consensus effectively counter false narratives and polarization.

More Related Videos

Generation of Escape Variants of Neutralizing Influenza Virus Monoclonal Antibodies

Generation of Escape Variants of Neutralizing Influenza Virus Monoclonal Antibodies

Published on: August 29, 2017

Inoculating Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes with Beads to Induce and Measure the Melanization Immune Response

Inoculating Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes with Beads to Induce and Measure the Melanization Immune Response

Published on: January 12, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Optimization of a Quantitative Micro-neutralization Assay

Optimization of a Quantitative Micro-neutralization Assay

Published on: December 14, 2016

Generation of Escape Variants of Neutralizing Influenza Virus Monoclonal Antibodies

Generation of Escape Variants of Neutralizing Influenza Virus Monoclonal Antibodies

Published on: August 29, 2017

Inoculating Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes with Beads to Induce and Measure the Melanization Immune Response

Inoculating Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes with Beads to Induce and Measure the Melanization Immune Response

Published on: January 12, 2017

Area of Science:

Environmental science
Political science
Communication studies

Background:

Misinformation regarding climate change can negatively impact democratic processes.
Public misconceptions about climate change can reduce acceptance of its reality and support for mitigation policies.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally investigate the effects of climate change misinformation.
To test pre-emptive interventions against misinformation's influence.

Main Methods:

Experimental design to assess misinformation impact.
Testing of inoculation messages (explaining flawed arguments, highlighting consensus).

Main Results:

False-balance media coverage reduced perceived consensus, particularly among free-market supporters.
Misinformation on scientific agreement polarized views on anthropogenic global warming (AGW).
Inoculation messages effectively neutralized negative effects of misinformation.

Conclusions:

Climate communication should anticipate and address misinformation tactics.
Pre-emptive inoculation messages are crucial for mitigating misinformation's adverse effects.
Highlighting scientific consensus and explaining flawed argumentation techniques are effective strategies.