Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
14:05

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Published on: January 23, 2017

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High Risk Factors Associated With Early Childhood Hearing Loss: A 3-Year Review

Kelsey A Dumanch1, Lenore Holte2, Tammy O'Hollearn3

  • 1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City.

American Journal of Audiology
|May 6, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Certain risk factors significantly increase a child's risk for congenital or permanent childhood hearing loss. Prioritizing follow-up audiology care for at-risk infants is crucial for early detection and intervention.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Audiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Hearing loss is a common birth defect.
  • Early identification and intervention are critical for child development.
  • Risk factors for hearing loss in early childhood require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between risk factors and early childhood hearing status.
  • To assess audiologic care follow-up rates for children with hearing loss risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective data review of 115,039 children born between 2010-2012.
  • Analysis of prevalence rates, odds ratios, and Fisher exact tests.
  • Categorization of hearing status: normal hearing, congenital hearing loss, delayed-onset hearing loss.

Main Results:

  • 90% of children had no risk factors; 99.9% had normal hearing by age 3.
  • Of children with risk factors (10%), 96.3% had normal hearing by age 3.
  • Congenital hearing loss affected 1.4%, permanent hearing loss 2.3% of those with risk factors.
  • Highest risk factors for congenital impairment: neurodegenerative disorders, syndromes, congenital infections.
  • Highest risk factors for permanent postnatal loss: congenital cytomegalovirus, syndromes, craniofacial anomalies.

Conclusions:

  • Specific risk factors significantly elevate the risk of congenital or permanent childhood hearing loss.
  • Prioritizing diagnostic follow-up testing for children with identified hearing loss risk factors is essential.
Abstract

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