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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

288
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
288
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

328
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
328
Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

765
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
765
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

303
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
303
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

285
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
285

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Retzius-Sparing Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy
12:10

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RIRS in the elderly: Is it feasible and safe?

F Berardinelli1, P De Francesco1, M Marchioni1

  • 1Department of Urology, "S. Pio da Pietrelcina'' Hospital, Vasto, CH, Italy.

International Journal of Surgery (London, England)
|May 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is safe and effective for elderly men (≥65 years) with kidney stones, showing similar outcomes and complications compared to younger patients. Age is not a risk factor for RIRS complications.

Keywords:
AgeElderly patientsFlexible ureteroscopyRIRS

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Nephrology
  • Geriatric Medicine

Background:

  • Renal stone treatment efficacy and safety in elderly populations require evaluation.
  • Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is a minimally invasive option for kidney stones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the safety and efficacy of RIRS in men aged 65 years and older versus those younger than 65 years.
  • To identify risk factors for complications in elderly patients undergoing RIRS.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective data collection from 399 male patients undergoing RIRS across 5 European centers (March 2013-March 2014).
  • Comparison of perioperative outcomes and complications between elderly (≥65) and younger (<65) patient groups.
  • Statistical analysis using Mann-Whitney U test, chi-squared test, Yates correction, and Fisher's exact test; univariable and multivariable analyses for complication predictors.

Main Results:

  • Elderly patients (91/399) had higher ASA scores, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and prevalence of hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease.
  • No significant differences observed in stone-free rates, operative times, or re-intervention rates between the age groups.
  • Similar surgical and medical complication rates (14.28% vs 9.89%) and no identified predictive factors for complications in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions:

  • RIRS demonstrates comparable short-term efficacy and perioperative safety in elderly men compared to younger counterparts.
  • Higher comorbidity burden in elderly patients does not translate to increased RIRS complications.
  • Age alone should not be considered a contraindication or risk factor for RIRS in patients with renal stones.