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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice
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Theta Oscillations during Active Sleep Synchronize the Developing Rubro-Hippocampal Sensorimotor Network.

Carlos Del Rio-Bermudez1, Jangjin Kim2, Greta Sokoloff1

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; DeLTA Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.

Current Biology : CB
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PubMed
Summary

Infant rats show theta oscillations in the brainstem

Keywords:
LFPautismconnectivitydevelopmenthippocampusmyoclonic twitchingneurodevelopmental disorderred nucleussleeptheta rhythm

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Automatic Detection of Highly Organized Theta Oscillations in the Murine EEG

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Sleep Research

Background:

  • Neuronal oscillations are key for functional connectivity between brain regions.
  • Theta oscillations (4-7 Hz) facilitate long-range connections, particularly involving the hippocampus.
  • The developmental emergence of brain connectivity is crucial for cognitive and sensorimotor functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and characteristics of theta oscillations in the infant rat red nucleus (RN) during active (REM) sleep.
  • To determine the developmental timeline of theta oscillations in the RN.
  • To examine the functional connectivity between the hippocampus and RN during active sleep and its dependence on the medial septum.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological recordings in infant rats at different postnatal days (P8 and P12).
  • Simultaneous recordings from the hippocampus and red nucleus.
  • Inactivation of the medial septum to assess its role in theta generation.

Main Results:

  • The red nucleus (RN) exhibits theta oscillations during active (REM) sleep in infant rats.
  • Theta oscillations in the RN develop from brief bursts at P8 to continuous expression by P12.
  • Theta oscillations in the hippocampus and RN are coherent and interactive at P12, dependent on the medial septum.

Conclusions:

  • Theta oscillations are present in the sensorimotor brainstem (RN) during early development.
  • The hippocampus and RN establish theta-dependent functional coupling during active sleep.
  • Disruptions in early theta oscillations may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders affecting cognition and sensorimotor skills.