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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
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CRISPR: Groundbreaking technology for RNA-guided genome engineering.

Le Cong1

  • 1Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Analytical Biochemistry
|May 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary

High-throughput biotechnologies enable detailed genomic analysis. CRISPR genome editing offers precise genetic manipulation for biological insights and medical applications.

Keywords:
BiotechnologyC2c2CRISPRCas9Cpf1Gene editingGenome engineeringMicrobial immunityProgrammable DNA-Binding protein

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Bioengineering

Background:

  • High-throughput biotechnologies like sequencing and single-molecular imaging provide unprecedented resolution for interrogating genomic and epigenetic information.
  • Understanding complex biological processes necessitates genome engineering tools capable of high-resolution, genome-scale manipulation.
  • Naturally occurring Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) have been engineered into a versatile RNA-guided genome engineering platform.

Discussion:

  • CRISPR-based technologies offer precise control over genetic information, facilitating causal inference in biological research.
  • The review covers diverse modalities and applications of CRISPR genome editing.
  • The potential impact spans fundamental biological discovery to translational medicine.

Key Insights:

  • Advances in sequencing and imaging yield high-dimensional genomic data at single-cell resolution.
  • Genome engineering tools are crucial for deciphering the functional implications of genomic information.
  • RNA-guided CRISPR systems represent a powerful technology for achieving precise genome manipulation.

Outlook:

  • CRISPR genome editing promises to accelerate fundamental genomics research.
  • Applications extend to developing novel therapeutic strategies in translational medicine.
  • Future developments are expected to further expand the capabilities and applications of CRISPR technology.