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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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[Voxel-Based Morphometry in Autism Spectrum Disorder].

Hidenori Yamasue1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|May 9, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors, stemming from atypical neural development. This review discusses inconsistencies in brain volume studies, highlighting developmental phase effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by core symptoms of social communication deficits and restricted, repetitive behaviors.
  • These symptoms arise from atypical behavioral and neural development, particularly evident in toddlers.
  • Previous research has extensively used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to compare brain volumes in individuals with ASD versus typically developing individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies comparing brain volumes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typical development.
  • To discuss potential reasons for inconsistencies in findings across previous VBM meta-analyses.
  • To highlight the impact of developmental phases on observed brain volume differences.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies.
  • Meta-analysis of regional brain volume comparisons between individuals with ASD and controls.
  • Discussion of methodological challenges, including controlling for developmental variations.

Main Results:

  • Numerous VBM studies and meta-analyses have investigated brain volume differences in ASD.
  • Inconsistencies exist in the findings of these studies.
  • Developmental stage variability among participants is a significant confounding factor.

Conclusions:

  • Atypical neural development underlies the behavioral characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • Despite numerous VBM studies, inconsistencies in findings persist.
  • Future research must carefully account for developmental differences to clarify brain-based biomarkers for ASD.