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Pulpal changes associated with advanced periodontal disease: A histopathological study
Siddharth Gautam1, Sushama R Galgali2, H S Sheethal3
1Department of Periodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India.
Summary
Advanced periodontal disease causes significant pulp degeneration, including inflammation, calcification, and necrosis. These findings suggest a direct link between severe gum disease and compromised dental pulp health, potentially impacting treatment needs.
Area of Science:
- Dentistry
- Periodontology
- Endodontics
Background:
- A long-standing debate exists regarding periodontal disease's impact on dental pulp vitality.
- Clinicians observe varied pulpal responses in teeth with deep periodontal pockets, often leading to root canal treatment considerations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To histologically evaluate pulpal changes associated with advanced periodontal disease.
Main Methods:
- Histological examination of 40 caries-free teeth from patients aged 18-55 with severe periodontitis.
- Teeth were fixed in formalin, decalcified, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
Main Results:
- Common findings included pulpal calcification (52.62%) and partial pulp necrosis (52.62%).
- Chronic inflammation (47.38%), ranging from mild to severe, was prevalent.
- Complete pulp necrosis occurred in 26.32% of cases, with fibrosis and edema noted in 36.84%.
Conclusions:
- Moderate to severe chronic periodontitis is associated with degenerative pulpal changes.
- Observed changes include inflammation, fibrosis, edema, calcification, and necrosis to varying degrees.
