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Acute leukemia masquerading as xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
Sunirmal Choudhury1, Susanta Kumar Das1, Dilip Kumar Pal1
1Department of Urology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Urology Annals
|May 9, 2017
Summary
This case report details an elderly man initially diagnosed with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPN) due to symptoms like fever and flank pain. Further tests revealed a rare underlying condition: acute prolymphocytic leukemia mimicking XPN.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Hematology
- Oncology
Background:
- Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPN) is a rare, chronic destructive inflammation of the kidney.
- Acute prolymphocytic leukemia (APL) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy.
Observation:
- An 82-year-old male presented with fever, flank pain, and dysuria, initially suspected as XPN.
- Urine culture identified Escherichia coli, and CT scans suggested left kidney XPN.
- Hemogram revealed elevated white blood cells with blast cells, prompting further hematologic investigation.
Findings:
- Peripheral blood smears and bone marrow biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of acute prolymphocytic leukemia.
- This represents a rare instance where APL presented with symptoms mimicking XPN.
Implications:
- Highlights the importance of considering hematologic malignancies in atypical presentations of renal infections.
- Suggests a need for further research into optimal treatment strategies for APL presenting as XPN.
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