Acute leukemia masquerading as xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Intracellular Phosphoflow Cytometry of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenotransplants
Published on: June 6, 2025
Sunirmal Choudhury1, Susanta Kumar Das1, Dilip Kumar Pal1
1Department of Urology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Abstract:
An 82-year-old man presented with high-grade fever, left flank pain with dysuria. Urine culture revealed the growth of Escherichia coli. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography features were suggestive of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPN) of the left kidney. Serial hemogram studies revealed markedly raised white cell count with the presence of blast cells. On further evaluation by peripheral blood smears and bone marrow biopsy studies, a background disease setting of acute prolymphocytic leukemia was diagnosed. This is a very rare case report of acute leukemia masquerading as a case of XPN, and the optimum treatment protocol is yet to be established in such a scenario.
Related Concept Videos
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Disorders of Leukocytes
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune...
Classification of Leukocytes
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granular leukocytes, comprising 50-70% of all leukocytes. They feature small, evenly distributed granules and a...

