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Risk Factors for Recurrent Tuberculosis among Successfully Treated Patients in Israel, 1999-2011
Valeria Zhdanov1, Natalya Bilenko1,2, Zohar Mor3,4
1Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
Background:
Recurrent tuberculosis (TB) is one of the indices used to assess the effectiveness of the Israeli National TB Programs (NTP).
Objectives:
To estimate the incidence of recurrent TB in Israel and to identify the associated risk factors.
Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all TB patients who were Israeli citizens and diagnosed between 1999 and 2011 with a treatment outcome recorded as "success." We compared those who had recurrent TB with those who did not. In addition, a nested case-control study included all those who had recurrent TB with a random sample from this cohort matched by age, gender, and year of TB diagnosis.
Results:
Of 3515 TB patients diagnosed between 1999 and 2011, 37 (1.05%) had recurrent TB during the follow-up period, with an incidence rate of 1.55 cases per 1000 person-years (PY). Male gender [hazard ratio (HR) 3.2, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.4-7.4], human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (HR 3.9, 95%CI 1.5-10.4), positive sputum culture [odds ratios (OR) 2.7, 95%CI 1.1-6.9], and low adherence to anti-TB treatment (OR 3.2, 95%CI 1.0-10.3) were found to be risk factors for recurrent TB.
Conclusions:
Male gender, HIV infection, positive sputum culture, and low adherence to anti-TB drugs during the initial TB episode were risk factors for developing recurrent TB.
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