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Emerging Roles of microRNAs in Ischemic Stroke: As Possible Therapeutic Agents
Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam1, William Winlow2,3, Yaghoob Farbood1
1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Abstract:
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and physical disability worldwide. The consequences of stroke injuries are profound and persistent, causing in considerable burden to both the individual patient and society. Current treatments for ischemic stroke injuries have proved inadequate, partly owing to an incomplete understanding of the cellular and molecular changes that occur following ischemic stroke. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are endogenously expressed RNA molecules that function to inhibit mRNA translation and have key roles in the pathophysiological processes contributing to ischemic stroke injuries. Potential therapeutic areas to compensate these pathogenic processes include promoting angiogenesis, neurogenesis and neuroprotection. Several miRNAs, and their target genes, are recognized to be involved in these recoveries and repair mechanisms. The capacity of miRNAs to simultaneously regulate several target genes underlies their unique importance in ischemic stroke therapeutics. In this Review, we focus on the role of miRNAs as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as promising therapeutic agents in cerebral ischemic stroke.
Insights
MicroRNAs (miRNA) show promise in treating ischemic stroke by aiding recovery processes like angiogenesis and neurogenesis. These small RNA molecules offer potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic agents for stroke.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Science
- Molecular Biology
- Neurology
Background:
- Stroke is a major global cause of death and disability.
- Current ischemic stroke treatments are insufficient due to incomplete understanding of underlying molecular changes.
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of miRNAs in cerebral ischemic stroke.
- To highlight miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
- To explore miRNAs as therapeutic agents for stroke recovery.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on miRNA research in ischemic stroke.
- Analysis of studies investigating miRNA involvement in angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and neuroprotection.
- Examination of miRNA's capacity to regulate multiple target genes.
Main Results:
- Several miRNAs and their target genes are implicated in stroke recovery mechanisms.
- miRNAs regulate crucial processes such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and neuroprotection.
- The ability of miRNAs to target multiple genes makes them significant in stroke therapeutics.
Conclusions:
- miRNAs are crucial in the pathophysiological processes of ischemic stroke.
- miRNAs hold significant potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for stroke.
- miRNAs represent promising therapeutic targets for managing cerebral ischemic stroke.
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