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Neurocognitive deficits in children with chronic health conditions

Bruce E Compas1, Sarah S Jaser2, Kristen Reeslund1

  • 1Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University.

The American Psychologist
|May 9, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Millions of children with chronic health conditions face neurocognitive challenges. This review synthesizes research across six conditions to improve understanding and clinical care for pediatric brain development issues.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Psychology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Behavioral Medicine

Background:

  • Over 4 million US children have chronic health conditions like cancer, sickle cell disease, and diabetes.
  • Increased survival rates in these children are associated with long-term neurocognitive deficits impacting development and quality of life.
  • Research on neurocognitive issues in pediatric chronic conditions has been fragmented, hindering progress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine neurocognitive problems in six key pediatric chronic health conditions: leukemia, brain tumors, sickle cell disease, congenital heart disease, Type 1 diabetes, and traumatic brain injury.
  • To define the scope of neurocognitive impairment in these conditions and identify future research and clinical care directions.
  • To highlight the crucial role of psychologists in addressing these challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on neurocognitive outcomes in selected pediatric chronic health conditions.
  • Analysis of research findings to identify common patterns and specific deficits.
  • Synthesis of information to provide a comprehensive overview of the problem.

Main Results:

  • Neurocognitive impairments are a significant consequence affecting a substantial portion of children with chronic health conditions, often persisting into adulthood.
  • These cognitive deficits can negatively impact educational attainment, occupational success, mental health, and overall quality of life.
  • The review consolidates knowledge across disparate research areas, establishing a foundation for integrated approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing neurocognitive sequelae in pediatric chronic conditions requires a multidisciplinary and integrated research and clinical approach.
  • Psychologists across various specializations are essential for research, identification, and intervention strategies.
  • Future efforts should focus on collaborative research and evidence-based interventions to mitigate long-term neurocognitive effects.

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