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Phasic REM Transiently Approaches Wakefulness in the Human Cortex-A Single-Pulse Electrical Stimulation Study.

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  • 1Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.

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Summary

Cortical excitability during REM sleep differs between phasic REM (p-REM) and tonic REM (t-REM) periods. P-REM shows a transient increase in high gamma activity, suggesting a shift towards wakefulness and potentially influencing dream generation.

Keywords:
CCEPREM sleepphasic REMsingle-pulse electrical stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Research
  • Cortical Excitability

Background:

  • Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is crucial for cognitive functions.
  • Understanding cortical responses during different REM sleep phases is essential for sleep research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in cortical neural responses to external stimuli during phasic REM (p-REM) sleep.
  • To compare cortical excitability during wakefulness, p-REM, and tonic REM (t-REM) sleep.

Main Methods:

  • Single-pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) applied to the cortex in epilepsy patients during REM sleep.
  • Recorded phase-locked corticocortical-evoked potentials (CCEPs) and high gamma activity (CCEP-HGA).
  • Compared CCEPs and CCEP-HGA across wakefulness, p-REM, and t-REM.

Main Results:

  • SPES induced a transient increase in CCEP-HGA during REM sleep, followed by suppression.
  • HGA suppression was greater during REM sleep than wakefulness.
  • HGA suppression was weaker during p-REM compared to t-REM, while CCEP waveforms showed no significant difference.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical excitability differs between p-REM and t-REM sleep.
  • The cortical excitability shift during p-REM resembles wakefulness, potentially facilitating dream experiences.