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Updated: Mar 2, 2026

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Secular trends in growth.

Julie Fudvoye1, Anne-Simone Parent1

  • 1Department of pediatrics, CHU de Liège, rue de l'Hôpital, 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium.

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|May 10, 2017
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Summary

Global human adult height has increased significantly over 150 years, primarily driven by early childhood development. This secular growth trend reflects environmental influences on public health and nutrition.

Keywords:
CroissanceEnvironmentEnvironnementFacteurs génétiquesGenetic factorHuman growthSecular trendTendance séculaire

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Area of Science:

  • Human biology
  • Public health
  • Anthropometry

Background:

  • Global human adult height has shown a consistent increase for approximately 150 years.
  • The rate of height increase varies geographically, with plateaus in Northern Europe but continued growth in Southern Europe and Japan.
  • Recent changes in adult height are largely attributed to growth during the first two years of life, not changes in birth length.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the secular trend in human adult height.
  • To investigate the environmental factors influencing growth.
  • To explore the role of epigenetics in height changes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of historical anthropometric data.
  • Review of studies on environmental impacts on growth.
  • Exploration of genetic and epigenetic influences.

Main Results:

  • Adult height increase is a worldwide phenomenon over the last 150 years.
  • Growth trends differ regionally, indicating localized environmental impacts.
  • Early childhood (first two years) is critical for the secular height trend.

Conclusions:

  • Secular growth trends are sensitive indicators of public health and environmental conditions.
  • Factors like nutrition, income, social status, and infections significantly affect population height.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms are proposed as a potential link between environmental factors and observed changes in human height.