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High serum iron in human parvovirus-induced aplastic crisis in iron deficiency anemia
S Kojima1, K Matsuyama, E Ishii
1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan.
Abstract:
Recent study has shown that the human parvovirus (HPV) is a causative agent of aplastic crisis in hemolytic anemias. In subjects without shortened red blood cell life span, HPV is not associated with symptomatic anemia. A case of iron deficiency anemia revealed by HPV linked to erythroblastopenia is described in a child. On admission, the serum iron was not decreased and other blood chemistry tests were also not consistent with the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia. Abrupt cessation of erythropoiesis induced by HPV infection appeared to prolong plasma iron clearance, which elevated serum iron concentration.
Insights
Human parvovirus (HPV) can trigger aplastic crisis in hemolytic anemias. In a child with iron deficiency anemia, HPV infection masked typical symptoms by increasing serum iron levels.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Virology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Hemolytic anemias are often exacerbated by human parvovirus (HPV) infections, leading to aplastic crisis.
- HPV typically affects individuals with shortened red blood cell lifespans.
Observation:
- A pediatric case presented with iron deficiency anemia revealed by HPV infection.
- Initial blood tests did not indicate iron deficiency, showing normal serum iron levels.
- The child experienced erythroblastopenia, a condition characterized by a lack of red blood cell precursors.
Findings:
- HPV infection caused an abrupt cessation of erythropoiesis (red blood cell production).
- This erythropoietic suppression prolonged plasma iron clearance.
- Elevated serum iron concentration was observed, masking the underlying iron deficiency anemia.
Implications:
- HPV can present atypically, mimicking other conditions by altering iron metabolism.
- Understanding HPV's effect on erythropoiesis is crucial for diagnosing and managing anemia in children.
- This case highlights the importance of considering viral infections in unexplained hematological abnormalities.