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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles01:30

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A thorough assessment of respiratory health is paramount in clinical settings to identify and manage respiratory distress and ensure adequate oxygenation. This article elaborates on the critical aspects of respiratory evaluation, including airway assessment, skin color examination, and the observation of accessory muscle use, which are integral to effectively diagnosing and managing patients with respiratory conditions.
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Functional Classification of Joints01:09

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
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Muscles of the Vertebral Column01:27

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The back muscles that lie deep into the thoracolumbar fascia are called intrinsic or true back muscles. These muscles are divided into four layers: superficial, intermediate, deep, and deepest layers.
Superficial Layer:
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Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles01:12

Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles

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The connective tissues play a significant role in arranging the muscle fibers into a hierarchical structure that forms a complete muscle. Consider a muscle like the bicep brachii, commonly called the bicep. This muscle comprises thousands of muscle fibers enclosed by a protective layer of connective tissue called the endomysium. The endomysium is primarily composed of reticular fibers, a type of thin collagen fiber. It allows the exchange of nutrients and waste products at the fiber level,...
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Skeletal Muscle Anatomy00:55

Skeletal Muscle Anatomy

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Skeletal muscle is the most abundant type of muscle in the body. Tendons are the connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bones. Skeletal muscles pull on tendons, which in turn pull on bones to carry out voluntary movements.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Biomechanical Changes Related to Low Back Pain: An Innovative Tool for Movement Pattern Assessment and Treatment Evaluation in Rehabilitation
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Musculoskeletal disorders: OWAS review.

Marta Gómez-Galán1, José Pérez-Alonso1, Ángel-Jesús Callejón-Ferre1,2

  • 1Department of Engineering, University of Almería, Spain.

Industrial Health
|May 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The Occupational Weight Assessment and Analysis (OWAS) method is frequently used in manufacturing and healthcare to prevent musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Research indicates a need to refine OWAS evaluation parameters, as it may overestimate risks.

Keywords:
ErgonomicsOWASObservation methodsPosture evaluationPrevention

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health and Safety
  • Ergonomics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) pose a significant global challenge, attracting interest from governments and industries.
  • Effective prevention strategies are crucial for workforce well-being and productivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive literature review on the applications of the OWAS method across various sectors and countries.
  • To analyze the historical usage patterns of the OWAS method from its inception to March 2017.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search conducted using the Web of Science database, focusing on the term "OWAS".
  • Time period for the search spanned from 1900 to 2017.
  • Identified 166 relevant publications, including conference papers and journal articles.

Main Results:

  • The OWAS method has been predominantly applied in "Manufacturing industries" and "Healthcare and Social assistance activities".
  • Analysis revealed consistent detection of musculoskeletal disorder risks when OWAS was employed, individually or in combination with other methods.

Conclusions:

  • The OWAS method is a valuable tool but requires complementary use with other direct or indirect assessment methods.
  • Findings suggest a potential for overestimation of risk by OWAS, necessitating a review of its evaluation parameters.