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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Cultivation of Heligmosomoides Polygyrus: An Immunomodulatory Nematode Parasite and its Secreted Products
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Helminth Immunomodulation in Autoimmune Disease.

Taylor B Smallwood1, Paul R Giacomin2, Alex Loukas2

  • 1School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Frontiers in Immunology
|May 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Helminth worms can suppress the immune system, offering potential treatments for inflammatory diseases. Researchers are exploring live worms, secretions, and molecules for autoimmune disease therapies.

Keywords:
autoimmunityexcretory/secretory productshelminthic therapyimmunomodulationimmunotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Parasitology
  • Therapeutics

Background:

  • Helminths possess sophisticated mechanisms to evade host immune surveillance, remaining undetected for extended periods.
  • Their ability to modulate immune responses presents a promising avenue for treating inflammatory human conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on helminth-based therapies for autoimmune diseases.
  • To explore the use of live worms, worm secretions, and derived molecules as immunomodulators.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies involving helminth therapies in mouse models and human clinical trials.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms of action underlying helminth-induced immunomodulation.
  • Characterization of novel immunomodulatory molecules from helminth excretory/secretory products.

Main Results:

  • Helminth therapies show potential in managing inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.
  • Understanding helminth immune evasion strategies is key to developing new treatments.
  • Identification of specific helminth molecules with therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Helminth-derived immunomodulators offer a novel therapeutic strategy for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
  • Further research into helminth molecules could lead to advanced immunotherapies.