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Skin microbiota differs drastically between co-occurring frogs and newts.

Molly C Bletz1, R G Bina Perl1, Miguel Vences1

  • 1Zoologisches Institut, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.

Royal Society Open Science
|May 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Amphibian skin microbes differ significantly between frogs and newts, despite similar bacterial richness. This suggests unique skin environments shape distinct microbial communities in these amphibian groups.

Keywords:
16S amplicon sequencingAmphibiacutaneous bacterial communitiesfrogsnewts

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Area of Science:

  • Amphibian dermatology
  • Microbiome research
  • Comparative genomics

Background:

  • Amphibian skin harbors diverse microbial communities that vary across species.
  • Few studies have investigated these differences while controlling for environmental and ecological factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the cutaneous microbiota of two frog species and four newt species breeding in the same environment.
  • To identify differences in bacterial communities between distinct amphibian clades (frogs and newts).

Main Methods:

  • High-throughput amplicon sequencing was used to analyze bacterial communities on the skin of six amphibian species.
  • Species were sampled simultaneously from two ponds to minimize confounding variables.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial communities differed significantly between frogs and newts, with higher divergence between clades than within them.
  • While bacterial richness was similar, community composition varied substantially (Jaccard distances > 0.5 between frogs and newts).
  • 31 bacterial taxa showed significantly different relative abundances between the two amphibian groups.

Conclusions:

  • Amphibian mucosal environments possess selective characteristics that shape distinct skin microbiota.
  • Further research involving multi-omics and analysis of mucosal chemistry is needed to understand these host-microbe interactions.