Intestinal Barrier Disruption in Ileal Pouchitis After Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis in a Rat Model

Pouchitis occurs in approximately 50% of patients with ulcerative colitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) but the pathogenesis remains unclear. We used a rat model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ileal pouchitis to examine whether intestinal barrier disruption plays a role in the development and progression of the disease.

Rats were randomly divided into DSS (underwent IPAA and administered 5% DSS orally), IPAA (underwent IPAA), and Sham groups (underwent switch abdominal surgery). In the DSS group, levofloxacin intervention and nonintervention subgroups were used to determine the influence of antibiotics on intestinal barrier dysfunction. Hematochezia and fecal scores were recorded. Ileum and pouch specimens were obtained for histological assessment. Immunohistochemistry was performed for myeloperoxidase and occludin protein expression. Levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor α mRNA were detected by real-time PCR. Plasma D-lactate concentrations were determined with colorimetry.

Only rats in the DSS group experienced hematochezia, and their fecal and histological scores significantly increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the IPAA and Sham groups, levels of myeloperoxidase, IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and plasma D-lactate significantly increased, whereas occludin and IL-10 reduced in the DSS group (P < 0.01). The levofloxacin subgroup showed increased occludin expression and more balanced inflammatory cytokine levels than the nonintervention subgroup. All differences showed linear correlations.

The intestinal barrier was disrupted in this rat model of pouchitis. Increased proinflammatory and decreased anti-inflammatory factors aggravated the intestinal barrier damage. Antibiotics may ameliorate this process.