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The sign test for matched pairs offers a robust method for comparing two paired samples, often for the effects of an intervention in one of them. This method is very useful in situations where the underlying distribution of the data is unknown. The test compares two related samples—often pre- and post-treatment measurements on the same subjects—to determine if there are significant differences in their median values.
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The Wilcoxon signed-rank test for matched pairs evaluates the null hypothesis by combining the ranks of differences with their signs. It essentially tests whether the median of the differences in a population of matched pairs is zero. Since the test incorporates more information than the sign test, it generally yields more trustable conclusions. This test also does not require the data to follow a normal distribution, but two conditions must be met for it to be applicable: (1) the data must...
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A study design is a set of techniques that allow a researcher to collect and analyze data from different variables defined for a specific research problem. Statistics is commonly for effective study design and more robust experiments,
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Statistical inference techniques, paramount in hypothesis testing, differentiate into two broad categories: parametric and nonparametric statistics.
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Statistical Tools for Propensity Score Matching

Alain Duhamel1, Julien Labreuche, Caroline Gronnier

  • 1Department of Biostatistics EA 2694, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France University of Lille---Nord de France, Lille, France SIRIC ONCOLille, Rue Polonovski, Lille Cedex, France Department of Biostatistics EA 2694, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France University of Lille---Nord de France, Lille, France Department of Digestive and Oncological Surgery, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France University of Lille---Nord de France, Lille, France Department of Digestive and Oncological Surgery, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France SIRIC ONCOLille, Rue Polonovski Lille Cedex, France.

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