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Major Tumor Suppressor and Oncogenic Non-Coding RNAs: Clinical Relevance in Lung Cancer
1Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan. kentaro.inamura@jfcr.or.jp.
Abstract:
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, yet there remains a lack of specific and sensitive tools for early diagnosis and targeted therapies. High-throughput sequencing techniques revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), e.g., microRNAs and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), represent more than 80% of the transcribed human genome. Emerging evidence suggests that microRNAs and lncRNAs regulate target genes and play an important role in biological processes and signaling pathways in malignancies, including lung cancer. In lung cancer, several tumor suppressor/oncogenic microRNAs and lncRNAs function as biomarkers for metastasis and prognosis, and thus may serve as therapeutic tools. In this review, recent work on microRNAs and lncRNAs is introduced and briefly summarized with a focus on potential biological and therapeutic applications.
Insights
Non-coding RNAs, like microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, are key in lung cancer. These molecules show promise as biomarkers for early diagnosis and potential therapeutic targets.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Genomics
Background:
- Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality globally.
- Current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for lung cancer are limited.
- Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) constitute a significant portion of the human genome and play regulatory roles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in understanding microRNAs and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) in lung cancer.
- To highlight the potential of ncRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.
- To explore the therapeutic applications of ncRNAs in lung cancer treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on microRNAs and lncRNAs in lung cancer.
- Focus on high-throughput sequencing findings and their implications.
- Analysis of biological roles and clinical relevance of ncRNAs.
Main Results:
- MicroRNAs and lncRNAs are implicated in regulating gene expression in lung cancer.
- Specific microRNAs and lncRNAs act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors.
- These ncRNAs show potential as biomarkers for metastasis and patient prognosis.
Conclusions:
- MicroRNAs and lncRNAs are crucial in lung cancer development and progression.
- ncRNAs offer promising avenues for early detection and targeted therapies.
- Further research into ncRNAs could revolutionize lung cancer management.
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