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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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Factors Affecting Illness01:18

Factors Affecting Illness

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When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Trends in the Relationship Between Obesity and Disability, 1988-2012.

Virginia W Chang, Dawn E Alley, Jennifer Beam Dowd

    American Journal of Epidemiology
    |May 10, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    The link between obesity and disability in older adults has stabilized, not worsened as feared. Recent data shows improvements in some measures, suggesting obesity’s increasing disability burden may be leveling off.

    Keywords:
    activities of daily livingbody mass indexdisabilitydisability evaluationobesity

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    Area of Science:

    • Gerontology
    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Rising obesity rates and an aging population raise concerns about long-term disability.
    • Previous studies indicated an increasing association between obesity and disability from 1988 to 2004.
    • The continuation of this trend in recent years remained unknown.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the trend in the association between obesity and disability among older adults.
    • To examine changes in functional impairment and activities of daily living (ADL) impairment over time.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of data from 16,770 adults aged 60+ from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
    • Data divided into three periods: 1988-1994, 1999-2004, and 2005-2012.
    • Comparison of impairment odds between obese and normal-weight individuals.

    Main Results:

    • The relative odds of impairment for obese versus normal-weight individuals increased significantly from period 1 to period 2.
    • In period 3, the association stabilized for functional and severe ADL impairment.
    • The association decreased for moderate-to-severe ADL impairment in period 3, with a similar trend in population disability fraction attributable to obesity.

    Conclusions:

    • The previously observed increasing trend of obesity-associated disability has leveled off in recent years.
    • Some measures even show improvement, contrary to public health concerns.
    • Obesity's long-term impact on disability may not be as severe as anticipated.