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Related Concept Videos

Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
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LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
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Related Experiment Video

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Detection of Retrotransposition Activity of Hot LINE-1s by Long-Distance Inverse PCR
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The function of LINE-1-encoded reverse transcriptase in tumorigenesis.

Zhong-jie Ye1, Qi-peng Liu1, Shan Cen1

  • 1Department of Immunology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.

Yi Chuan = Hereditas
|May 11, 2017
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Summary

The LINE-1 reverse transcriptase, crucial for human genome transposition, impacts cancer progression. Inhibiting this enzyme may offer new strategies for cancer diagnosis and drug development.

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Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
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Related Experiment Videos

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RNA Next-Generation Sequencing and a Bioinformatics Pipeline to Identify Expressed LINE-1s at the Locus-Specific Level
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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • LINE-1 (Long Interspersed Nuclear Element-1) is the most abundant human transposon, comprising 17% of the genome.
  • LINE-1 encodes a reverse transcriptase essential for its transposition and implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, including cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent evidence on the role of LINE-1 reverse transcriptase in tumorigenesis.
  • To elucidate how LINE-1 reverse transcriptase influences cancer by shaping non-coding RNA transcriptomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on LINE-1 reverse transcriptase and cancer.
  • Analysis of the impact of LINE-1 reverse transcriptase on non-coding RNA profiles in cancer.

Main Results:

  • Inhibition of LINE-1 reverse transcriptase activity halts tumor progression.
  • LINE-1 reverse transcriptase inhibition can restore cancer cell differentiation and alter global transcription.

Conclusions:

  • LINE-1 reverse transcriptase plays a significant role in cancer development.
  • Targeting LINE-1 reverse transcriptase may provide novel avenues for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.