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Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
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Biosynthesis in bacteria is a fundamental anabolic process that generates essential macromolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides. These macromolecules are critical for cellular growth, replication, and function. The process is tightly regulated and energetically linked to catabolic pathways to ensure optimal resource utilization.Biosynthetic pathways begin with precursor metabolites such as pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, and glucose-6-phosphate derived from glycolysis,...
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Formation of Ordered Biomolecular Structures by the Self-assembly of Short Peptides
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Biocatalytic Self-Assembly Cascades.

Jugal Kishore Sahoo1,2, Charalampos G Pappas1,3, Ivan Ramos Sasselli1

  • 1Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows how to control supramolecular material shapes using competing enzyme reactions. Different sequences of enzyme addition create tunable, dynamic nanostructures with varying lifetimes.

Keywords:
biocatalysisenzyme cascadepathway selectionpeptide amphiphilesupramolecular chemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular chemistry
  • Materials science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Supramolecular material properties depend on kinetic and thermodynamic factors.
  • Dynamic regulation of morphology and function is a key challenge in materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate time-dependent regulation of supramolecular self-assembly.
  • To utilize connected, kinetically competing enzymatic reactions for dynamic control.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Fmoc-tyrosine phosphate and phenylalanine amide as precursors.
  • Employed amidase and phosphatase enzymes to drive self-assembly.
  • Varied enzyme addition sequence and precursor ratios to control structure formation.

Main Results:

  • Generated four distinct self-assembling molecules from precursor mixtures.
  • Achieved distinct morphologies including spheres, fibers, tubes/tapes, and sheets.
  • Demonstrated transient access and interconversion of these structures by altering enzyme addition protocols.

Conclusions:

  • Enzymatic reactions can dynamically regulate supramolecular self-assembly.
  • Competing reaction pathways offer a method for controlling nanostructure formation.
  • This approach aids in designing soft nanostructures with tunable properties and lifetimes.