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Updated: Mar 2, 2026

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

A Model for Epilepsy of Infectious Etiology using Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

Published on: June 23, 2022

Tumefactive acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.

Sunil Pradhan¹, Surjyaprakash S Choudhury¹, Animesh Das¹

¹Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Neurology India

|May 11, 2017

Summary

Tumefactive demyelinating lesions, resembling tumors, can occur in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Early recognition is crucial to differentiate from serious conditions and guide appropriate steroid treatment.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Neuroimmunology
Radiology

Background:

Tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDLs) are rare, tumor-like presentations of acute demyelination.
Historically, TDLs have been primarily associated with multiple sclerosis.
The occurrence of TDLs in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is less recognized.

Observation:

TDLs in ADEM present diagnostic challenges due to radiological similarities with CNS tumors (gliomas, lymphomas).
This can lead to misdiagnosis and unnecessary invasive interventions.
Physicians need awareness of TDLs in ADEM for accurate diagnosis.

Findings:

TDLs in ADEM mimic malignant lesions, complicating initial assessment.
Distinguishing TDLs from neoplastic processes is critical for appropriate management.
Supportive treatment with corticosteroids is indicated for TDLs in ADEM.

Implications:

Increased physician awareness of tumefactive ADEM can prevent misdiagnosis.
Timely and accurate diagnosis avoids aggressive treatments for non-neoplastic conditions.
Proper management involving steroids and follow-up is essential for favorable outcomes.