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Water versus land-based exercises as physical training programs in elderly.

Elvira Padua1,2, Francesca Campoli3,4, Vincenzo Manzi5

  • 1Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy - elvira.padua@unisanraffaele.gov.it.

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Elderly individuals showed improved physical skills with both land and water exercises. Water-based training led to greater gains in balance and abdominal strength.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Kinesiology

Background:

  • Aging population requires effective physical activity interventions.
  • Maintaining motor skills is crucial for elderly independence and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify physical skill improvements in seniors aged 65+.
  • To compare the efficacy of land-based versus water-based exercise programs.
  • To analyze changes in flexibility, strength, and balance.

Main Methods:

  • 132 elderly subjects (68.9±5.5 years) participated in an 8-month training program.
  • Two groups performed adapted physical activity twice weekly (50 min/session).
  • Mixed between-within subject ANOVA analyzed motor skill changes (flexibility, strength, balance).

Main Results:

  • Both training methods significantly improved muscular strength, balance, and flexibility.
  • The water-based group showed superior improvements in balance (+66%) and abdominal strength (+16%).
  • Statistically significant within- and between-group improvements were noted for the water group.

Conclusions:

  • Both land and water exercise programs enhance motor skills in the elderly.
  • Water-based exercise demonstrated greater effectiveness for improving abdominal strength and balance compared to land-based exercise.
  • These findings support water-based programs as a beneficial intervention for geriatric physical rehabilitation.