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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

21.1K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
21.1K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

31.3K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
31.3K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

11.4K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
11.4K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

19.0K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
19.0K
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

13.5K
The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
13.5K
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

23.5K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
23.5K

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Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
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Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

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Directionally Interacting Spheres and Rods Form Ordered Phases.

Wenyan Liu1, Nathan A Mahynski2, Oleg Gang1

  • 1Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratories , Upton, New York 11973, United States.

ACS Nano
|May 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created ordered 3D lattices using mixtures of spheres and rods by introducing DNA-based directional attractions. This breakthrough advances nanoscale architecture assembly by controlling self-assembly behavior of non-complementary shaped nanoparticles.

Keywords:
DNA nanotechnologyanisotropic colloidscolloidal crystalsnanoparticlespolymorphismself-assembly

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Mixtures of nanoscale objects with different shapes are key for creating advanced nanoscale architectures.
  • Understanding the self-assembly of mixed shapes is challenging due to geometric (entropy) and energetic factors.
  • Previous studies showed limited structural organization in mixtures of spheres and rods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the self-assembly of sphere-rod nanoparticle mixtures.
  • To demonstrate the formation of ordered three-dimensional lattices using directional attractions.
  • To explore the influence of nanoparticle size and shape on lattice formation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized experiments and theoretical modeling.
  • Employed DNA base pairing to introduce directional attractions between rod ends and spherical nanoparticles.
  • Observed lattice formation using in situ X-ray scattering.

Main Results:

  • Achieved ordered three-dimensional lattices with spheres and rods in complex alternating arrangements.
  • Identified sphere lattice structures including face-centered cubic (FCC), hexagonal close-packed (HCP), or disordered phases.
  • Demonstrated that increasing nanoparticle diameter shifts the structure from disordered to HCP, then to FCC, influenced by rod-rod attraction and rod entropy.

Conclusions:

  • Directionally specific attractions, like those mediated by DNA, enable controlled self-assembly of non-complementary shaped nanoparticles.
  • The findings provide insights into the formation of complex nanoscale architectures from mixed-shape components.
  • This approach opens new avenues for designing and fabricating novel nanomaterials with tailored structures.