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Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

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Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
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Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

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Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
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Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

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Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
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Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity
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Methadone-Induced Neurotoxicity in Advanced Cancer: A Case Report.

Ann M Hoff1, Kristopher N Hartwig2, Drew A Rosielle3

  • 11 Department of Palliative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System , Mankato, Minnesota.

Journal of Palliative Medicine
|May 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Methadone is increasingly used for severe cancer pain. However, a case study shows it can cause opioid-induced neurotoxicity (OIN), highlighting the need for more research.

Keywords:
cancer painmethadonemyoclonusneurotoxicitypalliative care

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Area of Science:

  • Palliative Care
  • Pain Management
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Methadone is a second-line treatment for severe cancer pain.
  • It is favored for its lack of active metabolites and presumed safety from opioid-induced neurotoxicity (OIN).

Observation:

  • This article details a patient with severe cancer pain treated with oral methadone.
  • The patient developed opioid-induced neurotoxicity (OIN) despite methadone use.

Findings:

  • Opioid-induced neurotoxicity (OIN) can occur with oral methadone treatment.
  • This challenges the presumed safety of methadone regarding neurotoxicity.

Implications:

  • Increased methadone use in palliative care necessitates further investigation.
  • More research on methadone's pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic properties is crucial.