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Mismatch between diagnostic reports and special educational needs classification in a public educational system.

Maria Cristina Triguero Veloz Teixeira1, Décio Brunoni1, Luiz Renato Rodrigues Carreiro1

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Many students with special educational needs (SEN) lack diagnoses and access to services. This study highlights under-reporting and underutilization of support within the school system, indicating a significant gap in care.

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Public Health
  • Disability Studies

Background:

  • Students with special educational needs (SEN) require comprehensive assessment and support.
  • Public educational systems face challenges in identifying and serving all SEN students effectively.
  • Accurate diagnosis and service utilization are crucial for academic and social development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic status and sociodemographic/health profiles of SEN students in a public school system.
  • To map the utilization of educational and social services among these students.
  • To identify potential under-reporting of SEN conditions and service gaps.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 1,202 SEN students within a larger cohort of 59,344 students.
  • Assessment of diagnostic prevalence and types of SEN conditions.
  • Examination of specialized educational and social service usage rates.

Main Results:

  • Only 65.9% (792/1202) of SEN students had an established diagnosis.
  • Intellectual disability was the most common SEN condition identified.
  • A low percentage (29.4%) of students utilized specialized educational services or support.
  • Prevalence data suggest under-reporting for certain neurodevelopmental disorders.

Conclusions:

  • A significant discrepancy exists between diagnostic reports and legally recognized SEN conditions in Brazil.
  • Under-reporting of disabilities and underutilization of specialized services are prevalent issues.
  • Systemic improvements are needed to ensure accurate identification and adequate support for all SEN students.