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CHANGING PARADIGMS IN PREOPERATIVE FASTING: RESULTS OF A JOINT EFFORT IN PEDIATRIC SURGERY
Carlos Augusto Leite de Barros Carvalho1, Augusto Aurélio de Carvalho2, Paulo Luiz Batista Nogueira1
1Faculty of Medicine, University Center of Varzea Grande, Várzea Grande, MT, Brazil.
Insights
Shortening preoperative fasting to 2 hours with carbohydrate drinks is safe for pediatric surgery. Early postoperative feeding can be implemented for elective procedures in children, reducing adverse effects of prolonged fasting.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Surgery
- Anesthesiology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Prolonged preoperative fasting in children is associated with adverse outcomes.
- Current practices often mandate overnight fasting, regardless of surgical timing.
- Carbohydrate-containing beverages can attenuate the endocrinometabolic response to surgical stress.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the safety and feasibility of abbreviated preoperative fasting (2 hours) with carbohydrate-rich beverages.
- To assess the safety of early postoperative feeding in children undergoing elective surgery.
- To contribute to a national task force on optimizing pediatric surgical protocols.
Main Methods:
- Prospective study including 31 children undergoing elective small/mid-size surgical procedures.
- Administration of a 150 ml carbohydrate supplement (12.5% maltodextrin) 2 hours preoperatively.
- Collection of data on fasting duration, anesthetic complications, and time to postoperative refeeding.
Main Results:
- Median preoperative fasting time was 145 minutes; median postoperative refeeding time was 135 minutes.
- No adverse anesthetic or intraoperative events were recorded.
- Two children (6.5%) experienced postoperative vomiting, with no other complications noted.
Conclusions:
- Abbreviated preoperative fasting to 2 hours with carbohydrate beverages is safe in pediatric surgery.
- Early postoperative refeeding is safe and can be recommended for elective small/mid-size procedures.
- This protocol mitigates risks associated with prolonged fasting in pediatric surgical patients.
Background::
Current researches associate long fasting periods to several adverse consequences. The fasting abbreviation to 2 h to clear liquids associated with the use of drinks containing carbohydrates attenuates endocrinometabolic response to surgical trauma, but often is observed children advised to not intake food from 00:00 h till the scheduled surgical time, regardless of what it is.
Aim::
To evaluate the safety of a protocol of preoperative fasting abbreviation with a beverage containing carbohydrates, and early postoperative feeding in children underwent elective small/mid-size surgical procedures during a national task-force on pediatric surgery.
Methods::
Thirty-six patients were prospectively included, and for several reasons five were excluded. All 31 who remained in the study received a nutritional supplement containing 150 ml of water plus 12.5% maltodextrin 2 h before the procedure. Data of the pre-operative fasting time, anesthetic complications and time of postoperative refeeding, were collected.
Results::
Twenty-three (74.2%) were males, the median age was 5 y, and the median weight was 20 kg. The median time of pre-operative fasting was 145 min and the time of post-operative refeeding was 135 min. There were no adverse effects on the anesthetic procedures or during surgery. Post-operatively, two children (6.5%) vomited.
Conclusion::
The abbreviation of pre-operative fasting to 2 h with beverage containing carbohydrate in pediatric surgery is safe. Early refeeding in elective small/mid-size procedures can be prescribed.
Racional::
Trabalhos atuais associam longos períodos de jejum com diversas consequências adversas. A abreviação do jejum de 2 h para líquidos claros associado ao uso de bebidas contendo carboidratos atenua resposta endocrinometabólica ao trauma, porém frequentemente as crianças são orientadas a não ingerir alimentos a partir das 00:00 h do dia anterior à operação, independente do horário do procedimento cirúrgico.
Objetivo::
Avaliar a segurança de um protocolo de abreviação do jejum pré-operatório, com o uso de bebida contendo carboidratos, e realimentação precoce.
MéTodos::
Foram avaliados prospectivamente 36 crianças submetidas a procedimentos cirúrgicos eletivos de pequeno e médio porte. Cinco foram posteriormente excluídos do estudo. Todos os 31 remanescentes receberam suplemento nutricional com maltodextrina 12,5% em 150 ml de água aproximadamente 2 h antes do procedimento. Foram coletados dados do tempo de jejum pré-operatório, complicações anestésicas e tempo de realimentação.
Resultados::
Vinte e três (74,2%) eram do gênero masculino, com idade mediana de cinco anos e peso mediano de 20 kg. O tempo mediano de jejum pré-operatório foi de 145 min e o tempo mediano para realimentação foi de 135 min. Não houve eventos adversos durante a anestesia ou operação. No período pós-operatório, duas (6,5%) crianças vomitaram.
ConclusãO::
A abreviação de jejum pré-operatório para 2 h com uso de bebida contendo carboidratos, em operações eletivas de crianças, é seguro e não está associado ao maior risco de broncoaspiração pulmonar. Realimentação precoce pode ser prescrita nos procedimentos cirúrgicos analisados.
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