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Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

882
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

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Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
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Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

1.7K
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

1.6K
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Organ Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Simulating Hemodynamic Changes in Rat Liver Transplant Model
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Anaesthesia for liver transplantation.

Sonali V Thakrar1, Clare N Melikian2

  • 1Clinical Research Fellow in Liver Transplantation and St6 in Anaesthesia, Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Free Perioperative Research Group Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London.

British Journal of Hospital Medicine (London, England : 2005)
|May 11, 2017
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Summary

Liver transplantation demands a multidisciplinary team, including anesthesiologists, for optimal outcomes. Perioperative care is complex due to liver disease, surgical techniques, and graft quality, especially with marginal donor organs.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Transplant Surgery
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Liver transplantation is a complex surgical procedure requiring extensive multidisciplinary collaboration.
  • Patient selection involves a thorough evaluation and discussion in a dedicated committee meeting.
  • Perioperative management presents challenges due to systemic effects of liver disease and graft quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of a multidisciplinary team, including anesthesiology, in liver transplantation.
  • To discuss the complexities in perioperative management of liver transplant recipients.
  • To address the challenges associated with using marginal donor organs.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review/discussion of established practices and challenges in liver transplantation.
  • It emphasizes the importance of pre-transplant patient evaluation and selection.
  • It covers the perioperative considerations from anesthetic and surgical perspectives.

Main Results:

  • Successful liver transplantation relies heavily on early and continuous involvement of the entire medical team.
  • Systemic implications of liver disease significantly impact anesthetic and surgical planning.
  • The increasing use of marginal donor organs necessitates specialized management strategies.

Conclusions:

  • A multidisciplinary team approach, with anesthesiology integrated from the start, is essential for excellent liver transplant outcomes.
  • Careful perioperative management is crucial to address the complexities of liver disease, surgical techniques, and graft variability.
  • Addressing the challenges of marginal donor organs is vital to meet the growing demand for liver transplantation.