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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Metastasis02:30

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
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Skin Cancer01:30

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Deficient Pms2, ERCC1, Ku86, CcOI in Field Defects During Progression to Colon Cancer
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Evolution of Premalignant Disease.

Kit Curtius1, Nicholas A Wright1, Trevor A Graham1

  • 1Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, EC1M 6BQ London, United Kingdom.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
|May 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Understanding cancer evolution from premalignant disease is key. Distinguishing inconsequential premalignant features from those leading to cancer mortality remains a significant challenge in cancer risk prediction.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cancer's cell-of-origin is challenging to identify, yet cancer clones retain ancestral information.
  • Premalignant diseases are diagnosed more frequently than clinical cancers, aiming to detect cancer early.
  • Accurate cancer risk prediction necessitates differentiating between premalignant conditions that progress to mortality and those that do not.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolutionary trajectory of cancer from premalignant disease.
  • To discuss the concept of increasing malignant potential in phenotypically normal cell progeny with age.
  • To explore the challenges in cancer risk prognostication for premalignant diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cancer evolution and premalignant disease.

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  • Discussion of the continuous and multivariate nature of genotypes and phenotypes.
  • Analysis of the difficulties in defining a "cancerized" cell lineage.

    • Main Results:

    • Cancer clones contain information about their clonal ancestry.
    • Phenotypically normal cells may acquire increased malignant potential over time.
    • Prognosticating cancer risk is complicated by the complex interplay of genetic and phenotypic factors.

    Conclusions:

    • Distinguishing between inconsequential and fatal premalignant diseases is crucial for effective cancer risk prediction.
    • The inherent complexity of genotype-phenotype relationships presents a significant hurdle in defining cancer progression.
    • Further research is needed to refine methods for identifying and managing premalignant conditions with high mortality risk.