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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Management
  • Team Dynamics
  • Organizational Behavior

Background:

  • Multidisciplinary emergency management command-and-control (EMCC) teams are crucial for high-stakes operations.
  • Understanding factors influencing EMCC team effectiveness is paramount for optimizing disaster response.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated the role of leadership behaviors in fostering constructive conflict and team learning within EMCC settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of formal EMCC team leader's verbal structuring behaviors on team effectiveness.
  • To examine the relationship between leader's structuring behaviors, constructive conflict, and team learning.
  • To identify specific leadership actions that enhance EMCC team performance during exercises.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 17 multidisciplinary EMCC teams participated in realistic emergency management exercises.
  • Team leaders' verbal structuring behaviors during 28 team meetings were coded (1,704 events).
  • Constructive conflict was rated by external experts, and team effectiveness was rated by field experts.

Main Results:

  • Leaders of effective EMCC teams utilized structuring behaviors more frequently, except for procedural questions.
  • The frequency of leaders' structuring behaviors decreased over time during the exercise.
  • Leaders supported constructive conflict through clarification and decision-summarizing, but with decreasing frequency over time.

Conclusions:

  • Formal EMCC team leaders play a vital role in structuring meetings to enhance team effectiveness.
  • Facilitating constructive conflict through specific leader behaviors is essential for team learning and performance.
  • Leadership strategies should adapt over time, with an initial emphasis on structure and later on facilitating conflict and decision-making.