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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Looking Outwards: Isolation of Cyanobacterial Released Carbohydrate Polymers and Proteins
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Prochlorococcus as a Possible Source for Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP).

Francesca Iuculano1, Ignacio P Mazuecos2, Isabel Reche2

  • 1Department of Global Change, Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas - Universitat de les Illes BalearsEsporles, Spain.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|May 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) are crucial for marine carbon export. This study reveals that the picocyanobacteria Prochlorococcus is a significant source of TEP in oligotrophic oceans, particularly under solar radiation.

Keywords:
Atlantic OceanPacific OceanProchlorococcusUVRsolar radiationtransparent exopolymer particles

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Area of Science:

  • Marine microbial ecology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Biological oceanography

Background:

  • Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) are essential for marine aggregate formation and the biological carbon pump.
  • Phytoplankton blooms are typically associated with TEP production, influencing carbon export to deep waters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of solar radiation and picocyanobacteria in TEP formation in oligotrophic Atlantic and Pacific Ocean surface waters.
  • To experimentally determine if Prochlorococcus is a source of TEP in marine environments.

Main Methods:

  • On-deck incubation experiments with natural seawater from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans under varying light conditions.
  • Laboratory cultivation experiments using a non-axenic strain of Prochlorococcus marinus.
  • Measurement of TEP concentrations and Prochlorococcus cell decay rates.

Main Results:

  • TEP concentrations were higher in the Pacific than the Atlantic surface waters.
  • Solar radiation significantly enhanced TEP production in Pacific surface waters, correlating with Prochlorococcus cell decay.
  • Prochlorococcus marinus cultures produced substantial amounts of TEP, comparable to diatom cultures, especially during the stationary growth phase.

Conclusions:

  • Prochlorococcus sp. is identified as a potential significant source of TEP in oligotrophic ocean surface waters.
  • Solar radiation influences TEP production, potentially mediated by the response of Prochlorococcus to light stress.
  • These findings highlight the importance of picocyanobacteria in marine carbon cycling and aggregate formation.