Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections: a potential complication of cosmetic procedures

Interest in surgical and non-surgical cosmetic procedures has increased significantly over the last few decades. Billions of dollars are spent on these procedures annually. Although the associated risk is generally low, multiple cases of skin and soft tissue infections have been reported. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), in particular M. chelonae, M. fortuitum, and M. abscessus, have been increasingly identified as causative of numerous cosmetic procedure-related infections worldwide. This has therefore become a public health concern. Delays in diagnosis and appropriate management may occur given subtleties in diagnostic methods. The purpose of this review is to highlight the NTM-related skin and soft tissue infections associated with more common cosmetic procedures, describe methods of identification, and outline best treatment practices.