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Related Concept Videos

Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Crystal Field Theory
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CFT focuses on...
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Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model
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Superionic Behavior and Phase Transition in a Vanthoffite Mineral.

Vaishali Sharma1, Diptikanta Swain1, Tayur N Guru Row1

  • 1Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India.

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Sodium manganese sulfate (Na6Mn(SO4)4) undergoes a reversible phase transition at 455 °C. This transition significantly enhances its ionic conductivity, making it a promising material for electrochemical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Vanthoffite mineral structure and properties are crucial for understanding ionic conductivity.
  • Phase transitions in inorganic compounds can drastically alter their physical characteristics.
  • Aqueous solution crystal growth provides insights into mineral formation and behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural and ionic conductivity changes in Vanthoffite mineral (Na6Mn(SO4)4) with temperature.
  • To characterize the phase transition behavior of Na6Mn(SO4)4.
  • To evaluate the potential of Na6Mn(SO4)4 as an ion conductor.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction at ambient temperature.
  • Thermal analysis (e.g., Differential Scanning Calorimetry).
  • In situ variable-temperature powder X-ray diffraction.
  • Variable-temperature ionic conductivity measurements.

Main Results:

  • Na6Mn(SO4)4 crystallizes in the monoclinic system (P21/c) at room temperature.
  • A reversible phase transition occurs at 455 °C, leading to an orthorhombic structure (Pmmm).
  • Ionic conductivity increases significantly to ~10-2 S cm-1 above the transition temperature.

Conclusions:

  • The monoclinic to orthorhombic phase transition in Na6Mn(SO4)4 is reversible.
  • The high ionic conductivity above 455 °C suggests potential for use in solid electrolytes.
  • Further research into Na6Mn(SO4)4 could lead to advancements in battery technology.